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Download B Pharmacy Human Anatomy and Physiology I Book Pdf

It is hard to find out proper writers book in your study needs for good scoring in exams. This problem I face during my study period. Don't worry, here we are trying to provide the best books pdf like TORTORA Human Anatomy and Physiology I, Ross and Willson Human Anatomy and Physiology I Books.

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Human Anatomy and Physiology I Book Pdf Free Download — Human Anatomy and Physiology I Book

1. Tortora's Principles of ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Author's Name	GERARD J. TORTORA, BRYAN DERRICKSON
Editions	Global Editions, Fifteenth
Publishers	Wiley Publishers
No. Of Pages	1235
Pdf Size	62.20 MB
Download Link	Click Here

2. Ross and Willson ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY in Health and Illness

Author's Name	Anne Waugh and Allison Grant
Editions	11th edition, 2010
Publishers	ELSEVIER
No. Of Pages	1313
Pdf Size	24.10 MB
Download Link	Click Here

3. Anatomy & Physiology For Dummies

Author's Name	Maggie Norris and Donna Rae Siegfried
Editions	2nd edition, 2011
Publishers	Wiley Publishers
No. Of Pages	367
Pdf Size	28.00 MB
Download Link	Click Here

4. BD Chaurasia's Handbook of GENERAL ANATOMY

Author's Name	Late Dr. B D Chaurasia
Editions	4th edition, 2009
Publishers	CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
No. Of Pages	276
Pdf Size	20.00 MB
Download Link	Click Here

5. HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I (PCI Books)

Author's Name	Dr. S. B. Bhise, Dr. A. V. Yadav
Editions	Fourth edition, 2019
Publishers	NIRALI PRAKASHAN
No. Of Pages	135
Pdf Size	54.50 MB
Download Link	Click Here

6. Human Anatomy and Physiology-I ( PV Books)

(Strictly as per B Pharmacy 1st Semester Syllabus issued by PCI, New Delhi)

Author's Name	SS Randhawa, Atul Kabra
Editions	Latest Edition
Publishers	S VIKAS AND COMPANY (PV)
No. Of Pages	197
Pdf Size	173.00 MB
Download Link	Click Here

Online Read Human Anatomy and Physiology I Book

Hello aspirants, everybody looking for books pdf but it is necessary to know some points of Human Anatomy Textbooks every topic of the book. Of course, you understand what I'm saying. The Pharmacy Study provides a detailed briefly described every topic below.

Which will give you a general concept about scope of Anatomy and Physiology Pdf of the books. Online read Human Anatomy and Physiology l Book also help you to give any frequently asked questions answer in your practical viva exam.

✓ Introduction to Human Body

• The human body is the build-up of the Complex Structure. Many cells, tissues, and organs are there. In this topic generally, we studied about two things.

• The Anatomical Position of the Body.

• Three Sets of Plane as a frame of the body are the Median Planes, Sagittal Planes, Coronal Planes, Horizontal Planes.

✓ Homeostasis

• Homeostasis is the condition in which the internal environment of the body remains constant although changes in the external environment. Examples of Homeostasis would be the maintenance of body temperature and levels of glucose in the blood.

• Homeostatic System includes Sensor, Control Center, Effector.

• Two homeostatic Mechanisms are the Positive Feedback Mechanism and Negative Feedback Mechanism.

✓ Cellular Level of Organization

• The basic unit of life cell in together form tissue and then tissue in together form an organ and then organ in together form a system. These like cellular arrangements build up the human body.

• At first, know about the definitions of cells and parts of cells such as Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm (Cytosol & Organelles), Nucleus.

• Cell organelles are Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi bodies, Mitochondria, Plastid, Lysosome.

✓ Cell

• Cell is the basic life process, structural, and functional unit of the living organisms.

• About 200 different types of cells are present in our body. All cells are produced by the process of cell division.

• Cell biology is the study of the cellular structure and function of the cell.

✓ Cell Division

• In all living organisms cell division is a very important process. During the division of the cell, DNA replication and cell growth take place.

• Below this events of cell division like DNA replication, Cell growth, which have to occur in a complex way to ensure that the division and formation of progeny cells contains intact genomes.

• Cell cycle can be defined as the events of sequence is a cell duplicates its genome nd synthesizes of the cell and/or eventually divides into two daughter cells.

• Phases of Cell Cycle
–> Interphase
Interphase is subdivided into three phases
° G1 Phase ( Gap 1 )
° S Phase ( Synthesis Phase )
° G2 Phase ( Gap 2 )
–> M Phase ( Mitosis Phase )
M Phase is subdivided into four stages
–> Prophase
–> Metaphase
–> Anaphase
–> Telophase

✓ Cell Junction

• In cell junctions, intercellular space closely packed tissue is near about 20 nanometres (nm).

• Modified cell membranes providing cohesion and communication are called cell junctions.

• Three types of cell junctions are Occluding junctions, Adhering junctions, and Communicating junctions.

✓ Tissue

• A tissue is a group of cells together and It has a common embryonic origin.

• Tissues function together to carry out specialized activities in the bodies.

• Tissue may be hard (bone), semisolid (fat), or liquid (blood).

• Types of Tissue
Various types of tissue are (i) Epithelial Tissue, (ii) Connective Tissue, (iii) Muscular Tissue, and (iv) Nervous Tissue

✓ Skin

• The skin is the largest organ of our body, It performs many vital functions, including protection against external physical, chemical, and biological attacks, as well as prevention of excess water loss from the body and regulates thermoregulation.

• The integumentary system is build up by the skin and its derivatives structure. The largest organ skin has three layers epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

• The outermost layer epidermis, the middle layer dermis, and the dermis lies on the subcutaneous tissue, which contains small lobes of fat cells known as lipocytes.

✓ Skeletal System

• All the bone tissues make up about 18% of the total human body weight.

• The skeletal system supports and protects the body by giving it shape and form.

• Osteology is the branch of science that deals with the study of the skeletal system, its structure, and function.

• Skeletal systems consist of Bones, Cartilage, Joints, Ligaments.

✓ Bone

• Bone is the living tissue, which makes up the body shape and is one of the hardest structures of the body.

• Bones represents the highest differentiation among supporting tissues.

• Bones have certain hardness and elasticity.

✓ Muscle Contraction

• Mechanism of Muscle Contraction occurs from nerve impulses travels towards the synaptic knob to contraction of muscle takes place.

ATP+ATPase —-ca++—> ADP+ ~P
—> Various Bands

✓ Neuromuscular Junctions

• Neuromuscular Junctions also called Myoneural junctions or Motor endplates.

• It is the junction between Motor neurone and Muscle fibre.

• Action Potential from the nerve is transmitted to the muscles by these junctions. Structure of the Junctions includes Terminal Button, Presynaptic membranes, Synaptic Cleft, and Post Synaptic Membranes.

✓ Joints

• Joints is the junction between two or more bones or cartilages. Also, it helps to move.

• Only the exception is the hyoid bones, all the bone in the body is connected and forms a Joints.

• Hunan body presents around 230 joints.

✓ Body Fluids

• Water is the most abundant component of the body, constituting about 60% in young males and about 50% in young women of the total body weight. The percentage of the body water varies inversely with the body's fat contents and age.

• The total body water in males is more than in females because there is having a larger amount of subcutaneous fat. In both males and females, the percentage of body water decreases with the age.

• Extra-cellular fluids (20% of TBW) and Intracellular fluids (40% of TBW).

✓ Blood

• Blood is the special type of fluids connective tissue derived from mesoderm. Our body have approximately between 4 to 6 litres of blood.

• The two main functions of the blood are the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the cells and to carry CO₂, Urea, and other wastes away from the cells.

• Blood composed of 55% plasma liquid and 45% cells, almost is Red Blood Cells (RBCs).

✓ Hematopoiesis

• Hematopoiesis is a Greek word meaning to make new blood.

• Hemopoiesis meaning to the formation of blood cellular components in body. It is same with hematopoiesis.

• All of the blood cellular components are derived from hematopoietic stem cells.

• In a healthy person approximately 10¹¹ – 10¹² new blood cells are daily produced.

✓ Hemoglobin

• Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein that makes red blood cells (RBCs).

• Oxygen (O₂ ) is a non-polar molecule and binds to Hemoglobin (and myoglobin) through the heme group (blue), which contains a central iron (Fe^2-).

Deoxy-hemoglobin + O₂ <—> Oxy-hemoglobin

✓ Blood Coagulation

• Blood coagulation is the important defence mechanism against bleeding. It is also called platelet-mediated primary homeostasis.

• The formation of the platelet plug is the initial response of the coagulation system. Anti-coagulants mechanism triggered the careful control of coagulation.

✓ Blood Grouping

• The ABO system has four phenotypes A, B, O, and AB. Scientists Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO system.

• Our blood type is build up before we are born. We inherited one gene from the mother and one from the father.

• Agglutinations exists on the red blood cells surface which determines our blood type.

✓ Rh Factor

• In 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener was discovered the rhesus blood from name of the rhesus monkey.

• The serum led to the discovery which is produced by immunizing rabbits with red blood cells from a rhesus macaque. The antigen that induced this immunization is termed as Rh factor to indicate that rhesus blood has been used for the production of the serum.

✓ Reticuloendothelial System

• Reticuloendothelial systems are also known as Monocyte-Macrophage systems, Mononuclear Phagocytic systems and Lympho-reticular systems.

• RE is a generalized phagocytic system located in all tissues.

• RE also found in the tissues where large quantities of particles, and other unwanted substances must be destroyed.

✓ Lymphatic System

• Lymphatic systems are a network of tissues, organs, and vessels that help to maintain the body's fluids balanced & protects them from pathogens.

• Lymphatic System helps the circulatory system. It consists of fluids derived from Plasma=Lymph and white blood cells and macrophages (Monocytes).

• The Lymph travels in only one direction, it doesn't circulate.

✓ Lymph Circulation

• Lymph vessels are thin-walled, valved structure that carry Lymph. Through the lymphatic vessels, the fluids that leaks from the vascular system is returned to general circulation.

• Lymph vessels are act as a reservoir for plasma and other substances in including cells that leaked from the vascular system.

• The Lymphatic System provides a one-way route for the movement of interstitial fluids to the cardiovascular system.

• Lymph flow is driven mainly in lymphatic vessels by the contractions of smooth muscle.

✓ Peripheral Nervous System

• PNS consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue called epineurium which surrounds a thinner layer of fibrous connective tissue called the perineurium.

✓ Sympathetic Nerves

• Sympathetic Nervous System generally stimulates the effector organ (except the digestive tract).

• Sympathetic Nerves activated in emergency flight-or-flight reactions, in the sense that the body can either quickly flee or 'take a stand'.

• Sympathetic fibres originated from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (T1 – L2) in the body.

✓ Parasympathetic Nerve

• Parasympathetic Nerves generally inhibit the effector organ (except in the digestive tract).

• Preganglionic fibres are limited to the head, viscera of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis region.

✓ Spinal and Cranial Nerves

• Cranial Nerves are twelve pairs, two attach to the forebrain and 10 attach to the brain stem.

• Cranial Nerves are Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Auditory, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and Hypoglossal nerves.

• Spinal Nerves are located at the Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal levels.

✓ Heart

• The main organ of the cardiovascular system is Heart. The heart is the yellow, muscular organ that contacts at regular intervals and forcing blood through the circulatory system.

• The Heart is cone-shaped and is located in the centre of the thorax or between the lungs. The heart is tilted so that the base of the heart is tilted to the left.

✓ Blood Circulation

• Patterns of blood circulation are:

Blood continuously moves through the body – Left Ventricle —> systemic circulation (body) —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary circulation (lungs) —> left atrium —> left ventricle.

• Three types of systemic circulation are Coronary circulation, Renal circulation, and Hepatic portal circulation.

✓ Blood Vessels

• The circulatory system is known as a closed system because the blood is contained within the heart or blood vessels at all times and always flowing in one direction.

• The path of the blood flow is the heart (ventricles) —> arteries —> arterioles —> organ (capillaries) —> veins —> heart (atrium).

• All blood vessels have walls made of three layers of tissue, except for the capillaries. This provides both strength and elasticity.

• Blood vessels inner layer is made up of epithelial tissue, the middle layer is smooth muscle, and the outermost layer is connective tissue.

✓ Autonomic Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and the endocrine system together controls the body's internal organs. It innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands controlling the circulation of blood, the activity of the GI tract, and body temperature.

• Characteristics of ANS are

ANS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of internal organs.
ANS involuntary and reflexes controlled.
Two neuron chains are Preganglionic neurons (Originated from the brain and spinal cord) and Postganglionic neurons (Originated from ganglions located outside the CNS)

✓ Cardiac Output

• Cardiac Output can be defined as the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Cardiac output is generally 5 lit/min.

CO = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate

✓ Cardiac Cycle

• Factors of the Cardiac Output are Preload, Afterload, Contractility, and Heart Rate.

✓ Regulations of Blood Pressure

• Blood moves through our body circulation system due to it's under pressure. The measurements of this force are blood pressure.

• Blood pressure is regulated by the Kidneys by removing the excess amount of water from the body.

• The higher the blood pressure indicates the more water is forced out from the nephrons.

✓ ECG

• An ECG is a recording of waveforms that indicates the electrical activity of the heart.

• ECG (Electrocardiogram) is a graphical record of the heart electrical impulses that are generated by depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium layer of the heart.

✓ Disorder of Heart

• People experience irregular heartbeats, in their life styles called arrhythmias.

• There are mentioned some heart diseases and disorders are Heart Attacks, Heart Block, Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus, Ventricular tachycardia, Heart valve problem.

Some FAQs Related to Human Anatomy and Physiology Books

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Tortora's Human Anatomy and Physiology I Book Pdf is the best book for beginners. We also provide Human Anatomy and Physiology Notes.

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